Wood-pipe joint.



Patented May 30, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

CASSIUS CARROLL PECK, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

WOOD-PIPE JOVINT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 790,978, da ed May 30,1905.

Application filed July 13, 1904. Serial No. 216,425.

'To all whom, it may concern:

' Be it known that I, CAssIUs CARRoLL PECK, residing at Rochester, inthe county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented a certain newand useful Improvement in Wood- Pipe Joints, of which the following is aspecification sufficient to enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

- My invention relates to that class of pipes which are made from wood,either by boring a hole through a considerable length of solid log orother piece of wood or by building up the pipe with staves so as to giveboth the interior and the exterior of the pipe a circular cross-section.The joint is suitable for use in joining the ends of pipes intended forconveying both gases and liquids, but is more especially designed forpipes devoted to carrying heated water under pressure, and particularlyunder ground, and in this connection the objects sought and attained area tight, durable, andstrong joint. While the use of pipes made of woodfor conveying water at natural temperatures is as old as history, thepracticable use of such pipes for carrying water under considerablepressure and at about the boiling temperature is only of very recentdate, and it has been found quite difficult under these conditions tomaintain permanently-tight joints. The leakage has been caused in greatmeasure by admission of water to the end grain of the wood at thejoints, causing the wood to soften more here than elsewhere and to giveway under pressure. As heretofore made wood-pipe joints have beendefective in means for drawing and holding the ends of the sectionstogether, and strength to resist lateral strains, and in protection ofthe end grain of the wood from water contact. It is the object of myinvention to remedy these deficiencies.

In the accompanying drawings like parts in the several figures arerepresented by the same letters.

Figure 1 is a central sectional elevation of a plain joint such as isused in connecting two lengths of wood pipe. Fig. 2 is a centralsectional elevation which includes a cast-metal T for attachment to abranch pipe. Fig. 3 is a plan view showinga cast-metal elbow attached tothe wood pipe in like manner as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4C is an endelevation of the divided metal collar shown in Fig. 1 and of the woodpipe. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the bolted halves of the collarshown in Figs. 1 and 4:. y

In the several figures. A is a pipe made, preferably, of staves a, ofcypress,white pine, or other suitable wood, tongued and grooved andbound together by wire a spirally and tightly wound by machinery aroundthe outside of the pipe, the pipe and wire being protected from exteriormoisture by a covering of asphaltum (L2. The end of one of the twolengths of pipe has a V-shaped groove or mortice a" turned in the wood,while the opposite end of the other length of pipe is formed. in acorresponding tenon 0,. The pitch of the sides of the V should be aboutthirty degrees (from the horizon) in order to best realize the wedgeaction of the tenon a in tightly compressing the surfaces at the joint;but I do not confine myself to this degree of angularity. In case of themetal T B (shown in Fig. 2) and the elbow C (shown in Fig. 3) the groove(0 is preferably cast in the metal, and the corresponding projectioninto which the end of pipe A is formed rests in the groove; The metalcollar D is usually made up of two parts, as shown, but in case of largepipes may be divided into four parts. The parts are drawn together bybolts (Z passing through flange (Z' for compressing the collar on thepipe, and this forces the projection (K into the substance of the wood,so as to serve as an ancl'iorage for resisting the lengthwise pull ofbolts (Z which pass through flange al, this resistance being furtherincreased by Wood screws or spikes (l which aid in binding the collar Dto pipe A.

In making up joints the end grain of wood in the separate lengths ofpipe A is smeared with paint or a suitable mixture of pitch or otherwater-resisting substance, and the end which has the sides sloping to asharp edge junction is then entered into the groove (4 Either before orafter thus bringing two lengths of pipe together the collar D is put onthe adjoining end of each length of pipe,

and the nuts on bolts d are screwed down to a considerable extent, so asto give the collar anchorage on the pipe, and wood-screws 615 inserted,after which bolts d are inserted through flange d", so as to connect thecollar on one length of pipe with the collar on the adjoining length ofpipe, and the nuts on these bolts are turned up fairly tight, so as todraw the ends of the sections tightly together. The nuts of bolts d arethen further screwed down, but more especially those on the collar whichecovers the grooved end of the pipe, so as to compress the wood aroundthe groove onto the corresponding projection on the end of theconnecting-pipe. If desired, a gasket of suitable material, can beinserted in the V-groove, and in this way extra elasticity can be givento the joint; but in general the wedge form of joint, taken inconnection with bolts cl for drawing together the ends of sections,affords means of so tightly compressing together the ends ofpipe-sections that a tight and durable joint results without otherprovision.

I do not confine myself to a single groove and projection in forming thejoint, as two or more grooves may be employed; but greatest strength isobtained with one groove on account of greater depth obtainable, and asingle groove is also better for centering and keepinglengths of pipesin perfect alineinent.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a wood-pipe joint, an annular V-shaped groove cut in the end grainof one length of wood pipe, and another length of wood pipe having itsadjoining end formed to fit the aforesaid groove, in combination with ametallic collar secured to each of said ends and adapted for bolting theends together, substantially as shown and described.

2. In a wood-.pipe joint, the end of a wood pipe formed with a slopeboth from the outside toward the inside and from the inside toward theoutside so that the apex of the slope shall be at or near the center ofthickness of the wood walls, in combination with an adjoining part ofany material having a corresponding form in the solid portion of saidpart, a metal collar with means of clamping it upon the wood pipe so asto securely anchor it, and means for bolting said adjoining part to saidmetal collar, essentially as shown and described.

3. In a pipe-joint, two pipes one having an annular groove on its endseparated from the bore of the pipe, and the other having an annulartongue fitting said groove, one of said ends being of wood, and one ofsaid ends having means ofputting the wooden end under compression whenthe ends are forced together, metallic collars secured to each of saidends, and means for forcing said collars together, substantially as setforth.

CASSIUS CARROLL PECK. Witnesses:

J AMES MALLEY, WILLIAM W. WHITMORE.

